Stratovolcano โข Java, Indonesia
Possible, not imminent
An eruption at Bromo in any given year is a real but minority possibility. Our model estimates a 19.4% chance of an eruption in the next 12 months โ about one eruption every ~5 years on average. Its most recent known eruption was 2024.
Statistical estimate, not a prediction โ medium confidence. Always follow official volcano observatory advisories. How this is calculated โ
19.4%
1-year
1.8%
30-day
~5y
recurrence
-7.942ยฐ, 112.950ยฐ ยท Indonesia ยท 12 nearby earthquakes
19.4%
1-year probability
1.8%
30-day
~5y
Avg. recurrence
elevated
Risk level
~1 eruption every 5 yr โ the GVP eruption frequency blended toward a stratovolcano prior by how complete the record is.
72 dated eruptions over ~7283 yr โ a well-documented record the rate can rely on.
Most eruptions ~VEI 2; capable of large (VEI โฅ 4) events โ largest recorded VEI 4. ~0.9% chance of a VEI โฅ 4 event this year.
A recently active volcano gets a higher near-term rate; a long-dormant one is tempered.
No live PHIVOLCS/seismic feed for this volcano, so short-term precursors and alert levels are not applied.
Confidence: A monitoring network and a multi-eruption history constrain the estimate, but with meaningful uncertainty.
How this is calculated โPoisson estimate from the GVP eruption frequency, blended toward a volcano-type prior by how complete the record is and adjusted for recency โ 1-year range 14.3โ26% (confidence medium; no live seismic feed for this volcano). Philippine volcanoes additionally use live PHIVOLCS alert levels and seismicity โ see the Risk Analysis dashboard.
explosive ยท high explosivity
Largest recorded: VEI 4
Most eruptions ~VEI 2; capable of large (VEI โฅ 4) events โ largest recorded VEI 4.
72 dated eruptions over ~7283 yr โ a well-documented record the rate can rely on.
Size from the volcano's VEI record combined with the global eruption sizeโfrequency relation; the record grade reflects how complete its eruptive history is โ sparse records lean on a volcano-type prior with wider uncertainty. How this is calculated โ
2,329m
Elevation
2024
Last Eruption
VEI 2
Explosivity Index
Stratovolcano
Type
30 km WSW of Kencong, Indonesia
140.7km deep โข 58km away
36 km SW of Kencong, Indonesia
127.1km deep โข 70km away
43 km SSE of Dampit, Indonesia
137.0km deep โข 70km away
22 km S of Sumberpucung, Indonesia
113.2km deep โข 71km away
27 km SSW of Sumberpucung, Indonesia
149.0km deep โข 79km away
42 km SSW of Gongdanglegi Kulon, Indonesia
85.2km deep โข 80km away
43 km SSW of Gongdanglegi Kulon, Indonesia
84.8km deep โข 82km away
46 km SSW of Dampit, Indonesia
84.2km deep โข 83km away
45 km S of Sumberpucung, Indonesia
67.0km deep โข 85km away
33 km SSW of Sumberpucung, Indonesia
106.0km deep โข 86km away
23 km SSE of Blitar, Indonesia
117.6km deep โข 88km away
30 km SE of Kencong, Indonesia
29.4km deep โข 90km away
Coordinates
-7.9420ยฐN, 112.9500ยฐE
Region
Indonesia
Bars are relative to the 100 km total.
๐ Scientific Note: Volcanic risk assessments use peer-reviewed seismic-volcanic correlation models (Nishimura 2017, Jenkins 2024). These represent statistical probabilities, not predictions. Always follow official PHIVOLCS advisories.
How this is calculated โFAQ
An eruption at Bromo in any given year is a real but minority possibility. Based on Bromo's eruption history, our model estimates roughly a 19.4% chance of an eruption within the next 12 months (about one eruption every 5 years on average). This is a statistical estimate, not a definite prediction โ always follow official volcano observatory advisories.
Bromo's most recent known eruption was 2024 (per the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program record).
Bromo is classified as active. It is a stratovolcano in Java, Indonesia, rising to 2,329 m.
About 1,500,000 people live within 30 km of Bromo and roughly 10,000,000 within 100 km. The current modeled hazard level is elevated. Local hazard zones and typical eruption size are detailed on this page.
Bromo is located in Java, Indonesia, at -7.942ยฐ, 112.950ยฐ, with a summit elevation of 2,329 m.